Pattillo et al. (1992)
Abundant in regions of 0.5 - >25 ppt.
Bulger et al. (1993)
Can tolerate salinities between 4 and 26 ppt. They are considered estuarine organisms.
Ferraris et al. (1994)
Organisms subjected to acute, repeated exposure to 25, 35, or 45 ppt. A. viridari hyperosmotic conformer at decreased salinity, but osmoconformer at increased saliniry. G. cylindrata always osmoconformer. T. parva always osmoconformer; decreased survival at 45 ppt.
Montagna et al. (2008)
Corbicula fluminea, Rangia cuneata, & Neritina usnea only species to occur < 1 psu. R. cuneata good indicator of mesohaline salinity zones with tolerence to 20 psu. Gastropod N. usnea common in fresh to brackish salinities. Polymesoda caroliniana present between 1-20 psu (oligo- to mesohaline zones). Tagelus plebius, Crassostrea virginica, Mulinia lateralis, Littoraria irrorata, & Ischadium recurvum good indicators for polyhaline salinity zones.
Pattillo et al. (1992)
In areas of 0.5 to 25.0 ppt, adult and juvenile seatrout are abundant. In areas of greater than 25 ppt, adults can still be found in any season excluding Winter, and larvae can be found during the Fall.